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整理/夏瑾 制图/张玉佳

文成规矩，思合符契

圣贤能够全面领悟天地万物的运行规律，深入观察、思考事物的细微精妙之处，其思想包罗万象，又能根据事物的不同情况加以变通，故而与客观事物完全契合。学习圣贤写作，就是要写出既符合法则、认知与客观事物一致，又能根据需要变通体式、适应不同情况的好文章。

The Sage's Compositions Set the Rules of Writing,

and His Ideas Fit Perfectly with Objective Things

Sages can fully examine the laws of the universe, and observe and study the subtleties of things. All-embracing and adaptable to different conditions of things, their thoughts perfectly agree with objective facts. To learn writing from the sages means to compose admirable articles that not only conform in manners to the rules of writing and correspond in content to objective facts but also adapt flexibly to different situations as required.

引例夫鉴周日月，妙极机神；文成规矩，思合符契。或简言以达旨，或博文以该情，或明理以立体，或隐义以藏用。（刘勰《文心雕龙·征圣》）（圣贤见识如日月普照大地一样全面，其精妙达到了神妙莫测的极致。圣贤的文章是写作的法则，其思想与客观事物完全契合，有时用简练的语言表达主旨，有时用繁富的文辞畅叙情感，有时用明白的道理确立文章的主体，有时用含蓄的意义隐藏深层的功用。）

A sage has such thorough and profound wisdom that his insight is as far-reaching as the sun and moon shining over the world, and his understanding penetrates the subtlest working of the universe. Hence his writing sets the rules, and his ideas fit perfectly with objective facts. He may either express his intentions with concise language or detail his emotions with rich words. At times, he may be explicit about the principles to establish the main body of his treatise; at other times, he is implicit in his account to conceal the purpose of his writing. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)